The Amazon River (US /ˈæməzɒn/ or UK /ˈæməzən/; Spanish and Portuguese: Amazonas) in South America is the largest river by discharge of water in the world, averaging a discharge of about 209,000 cubic meters per second (7,381,000 cu ft/s, 209,000,000 liters or 55,211,960 gallons/sec), greater than the next seven largest independent rivers combined. The Amazon basin is the largest drainage basin in the world, about 7,050,000 square kilometres (2,720,000 sq mi), and accounts for approximately one-fifth of the world's total river flow. The portion of the river's drainage basin in Brazil alone is larger than any other river's basin. The Amazon enters Brazil with only one-fifth of the flow it finally discharges into the Atlantic Ocean, yet already has a greater flow at this point than the discharge of any other river. The Amazon also is the longest river according to a new study.
In its upper stretches, above its confluence with the Rio Negro, the Amazon is called Solimões in Brazil. But in Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, as well as the rest of the Spanish-speaking world, the river is generally called the Amazon downstream beginning at the confluence of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers in Peru. Although the Apurímac river had been considered the most distant source of the Amazon river for nearly a century, a 2014 study indicated that the Cordillera Rumi Cruz in the Mantaro river drainage extended ~80 km farther upstream compared to Mt. Mismi in the Apurímac drainage; thus the Mantaro River is the most distant source of the Amazon river. Although the Mantaro-Ucayali river can be considered the "most distant" source of the Amazon, the Marañón contributes far more water than the Ucayali where they join; therefore the Marañón river is considered the mainstem source of the Amazon.
The width of the Amazon is between 1.6 and 10 kilometres (1.0 and 6.2 mi) at low stage, but expands during the wet season to 48 kilometres (30 mi) or more. The river enters the Atlantic Ocean in a broad estuary about 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide. The mouth of the main stem is 80 kilometres (50 mi).Because of its vast dimensions, it is sometimes called "The River Sea".
The total volume of water discharging from the Amazon river in a year is about 6,591 cubic kilometers.
The largest city along the Amazon River is Manaus. Located in Brazil in the western state of Amazonas, it is home to over 1.7 million people.[8] Its population is larger than that of Belém, the major city and port at the mouth of the river at the Atlantic Ocean.
Drainage area
Main article: Amazon basin
The Amazon basin, the largest in the world, covers about 40% of South America, an area of approximately 7,050,000 square kilometres (2,720,000 sq mi). It drains from west to east, from Iquitos in Peru, across Brazil to the Atlantic. It gathers its waters from 5 degrees north latitude to 20 degrees south latitude. Its most remote sources are found on the inter-Andean plateau, just a short distance from the Pacific Ocean.
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