Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions Among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field That includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms Have With Each Other, other organisms, and With Their abiotic components of environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of individual organisms; as well as cooperation and competition Between organisms, Both Within and Among ecosystems. Ecosystems are Composed of dynamically interacting parts Including organisms, the Communities They make up, and the non-living components of Their environment. Ecosystem Processes,: such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, Regulate the flux of energy and matter-through an environment. These are sustained by organisms Processes With specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, Which Refers to the varieties of species, genes and ecosystems, Enhances Certain ecosystem services.
Ecology is not synonymous With environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An Important focus for ecologists is to Improve the understanding of how biodiversity Affects ecological function.
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